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16 Decembe2011: SH: Investment Outlook

Markets are once again being driven by events in Europe. ...


Robert Farago, Head of Asset Allocation


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    A further spike in government bond yields in Italy led to the resignation of Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. However, his replacement by the experienced technocrat Mario Monti failed to calm markets. Furthermore, a failed government bond auction in Germany was a sign that no country in the euro area was immune from the ongoing crisis. Equity markets fell and the US dollar rallied while the yield on the US 10-year government bonds dropped below 2%. A coordinated move by the major central banks to ease the immediate liquidity constraints on Europe’s banks provided a fillip to equities at the end of November but does nothing to address the structural challenge faced by those trying to keep the euro together.

    Europe heading into recession

    The deteriorating situation in Europe has led us to cut our forecast and predict a recession across the region next year. The impact of rising debt costs in the periphery, reductions in the avail-ability of bank credit and austerity plans mean we now predict all countries in the euro area, including Germany, will see a fall in GDP next year. The knock-on impacts mean we expect the UK economy to drop back into recession too. For the world as a whole, we are
    halving our growth forecast for 2012 (from 3.4% to 1.8%) but still expect expansion in the US, Japan and the emerging world.


    Bank shares fall sharply

    One reason for caution is simply the sharp falls in the share prices of banks. Changes in regulations mean that they need to strengthen balance sheets. This could see the banking industry in Europe deleverage to the tune of around €2 trillion. The economic impact of this trend extends well beyond the euro area, with both Eastern Europe and Asia significant destinations for the funds of Europe’s major banks.

    “We cannot accept the explosion of the euro, which would mean the explosion of Europe.
    The problem must be posed in this fashion, and not otherwise. If the euro is the core of Europe, the explosion of the euro would blow up Europe. And Europe is the guarantee of peace on the continent where people have behaved in the most brutal and violent manner of all continents of the world – not in the 15th century, but in the 20th century. It is
    perfectly normal that two founding countries of Europe [France and Germany], and the two largest European economies, should take up the front line to defend a European heritage that has been bequeathed to us by our predecessors. The crisis of the euro is one of the most important crises that Europe has known since its creation.”

    French President Nicolas Sarkozy, 3rd November 2011

    The problems associated with forming a monetary union without a true political union are becoming starker by the day. The quote above from the French President is a good summary of politicians’ views from across the spectrum. That is, a solution to the current crisis needs to be found in order to avoid losing the benefits of sixty years of progress towards a unified and peaceful Europe.
    For the world as a whole, the price of a disorderly break-up would be a deep recession. It would also wipe out much of the capital of the banking system in Europe, leading to a number of banks being nationalised. It is this stark reality that leads us to believe that we have not yet reached the point where governments are ready to walk away from the euro.
    The economic reality is that the fate of the euro will be decided in Germany. The current account deficits of Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece are offset almost exactly by a surplus in Germany equivalent to about 5% of its GDP.
    It is Germany that has the financial strength to support their weaker neighbours. It will decide if the reforms proposed by the peripheral nations, and in particular Italy and Spain, are sufficiently credible such that the German government can face their electorate and explain that this support is both necessary and to Germany’s long-term advantage.

    A move to closer fiscal union will require treaty change. This in turn may lead to referendums across some or perhaps even all of the European nations. This not only adds another layer of complexity in analysing the outcome but also would take time.
    Yet the financing needs of Spain and Italy over the coming months are substantial and current levels of bond yields are unsustainable.
    Markets are hoping that the European Central Bank will act as the buyer of last resort. Officially they are refusing to take on this role. Yet they have stepped in to support the Italian market over recent weeks. Our baseline view remains that the European nations will do enough to keep the euro together. We expect that this will involve quantitative easing by the European Central Bank. We also expect they will not be alone, with more quantitative easing expected in the US, UK and Japan next year. This means that we expect no interest rate increases in the major economies in 2012.

    Stagflation protection

    One positive for next year is that inflation is expected to come down. However, we do not expect deflation and that leaves returns on cash negative in real terms.
    The fall in long-term government bond yields to yields below our long-term inflation expectations means that a buy and hold strategy is also likely to lead to negative real returns. A real yield on index-linked bonds of around zero over the next ten years does not sound appetising either but is attractive relative to both cash and fixed interest securities. In
    addition, they offer protection should the authorities’ inflationary policies eventually bear fruit, which we see as inevitable in the long-term. We have invested in US Treasury inflation protected securities as the real yield is higher than in the UK, the dollar is undervalued on a purchasing power parity and inflation expectations have fallen over the
    last few months. The ideal scenario for these instruments would be a combination of high inflation and low real interest
    rates. This is, unfortunately, a likely outcome since economic growth is expected to remain muted and unemployment is likely to remain high.


    Disclaimer:

    The views and opinions contained herein are those of Robert Farago, Head of Asset Allocation, and may not necessarily represent views expressed or reflected in other Schroders communications, strategies or funds.

    For professional investors and advisers only.This document is not suitable for retail clients.

    This document is intended to be for information purposes only and it is not intended as promotional material in any respect. The material is not intended as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any financial instrument. The material is not intended to provide, and should not be relied on for, accounting, legal or tax advice, or investment recommendations. Information herein is believed to be reliable but Schroder Investment Management Ltd (Schroders) does not warrant its completeness or accuracy. No responsibility can be accepted for errors of fact or opinion. This does not exclude or restrict any duty or liability that Schroders has to its customers under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (as amended from time to time) or any other regulatory system. Schroders has expressed its own views and opinions in this document and these may change. Reliance should not be placed on the views and information in the document when taking individual investment and/or strategic decisions. Issued by Schroder Investment Management Limited, 31 Gresham Street, London EC2V 7QA, which is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority. For your security, communications may be taped or monitored.



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